Effect of Chrysophyllum albidum pulp varieties on biochemical parameters was investigated using albino rat model. Thirty male Albino rats were divided into five groups of six rats each. A group served as the control while four groups served as the test groups A, B, C and D. Test groups A and B were placed on 5% and 25% respectively compounded feed of sweet Chrysophyllum albidum pulp variety while test groups C and D were respectively placed on 5% and 25% compounded feed of sour Chrysophyllum albidum pulp variety. The feed and water administration of the rats lasted for 28days. Results obtained for haematology revealed that PCV levels reduced significantly (p<0.05) only in rats placed on 25% sweet Chrysophyllum albidum pulp variety. When compared to the control. Hb levels increased significantly (p<0.05) in rats placed on 5% sweet and 25% sour varieties of Chrysophyllum albidum pulp against the control . WBC also increased significantly (p<0.05) in rats placed on 5% and 25% sweet and 5% sour Chrysophyllum albidum pulp when compared to the control. Lipid profile indices such as total cholesterol levels were reduced in the test rats against the control. The observed reductions were significant (p<0.05) in rats placed on 25% sweet and 5% sour varieties Chrysophyllum albidum pulp when compared to the control. Triglyceride levels also reduced in all the test groups against the control. Glucose levels increased significantly (p<0.05) in rats placed on sweet varieties of Chrysophyllum albidum pulp when compared to the control, while reproductive hormones and total proteins in test rats were insignificantly affected (p>0.05) against those of the control. ALT levels in all the test rats were significantly reduced (p<0.05) the control whereas some electrolyte ions were influenced in test rats by the studied varieties against those of the control. This study has shown that the two varieties of Chrysophyllum albidum pulp have effect on the test rats. This study has shown the effect of Chrysophyllum albidum pulp varieties on biochemical parameters was investigated using albino rat model.
CERTIFICATION………………………………………………………….i
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………..ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………….iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………….......iv
LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………v
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................1
1.2 Literature Review……………………………………………………...............2
1.2.1 Definition, Description and cultivation of Chrysophyllum albidum...........2
1.2.1.2 Cultivation of Chrysophyllum albidum……………………...........3
1.2.1.3 Classification of Chrysophyllum albidum…………………...........4
1.2.1.4 Local names of Chrysophyllum albidum………………………….4
1.2.1.5 Ethno-medicinal values of Chrysophyllum albidum………............5
1.2.1.6 Other uses of Chrysophyllum albidum…………………….............5
1.2.1.7 Phytochemicals, sources and in Chrysophyllum albidum................6
1.2.2 Definition and implication of biochemical parameters…………………6
1.2.2.1 Definition and implication of haematological study……………..7
1.2.2.2 Liver enzyme studies and their implication………………………8
1.2.2.3 Electrolyte ions, creatinine and urea studies & their implication…10
1.2.2.4 Lipid profile and implication……………………………………..11
1.3 Aim and objective of the study…………………………………………….12
CHAPTER TWO – MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.0 Materials and Methods…………………………………………………….14
2.1 Materials
2.1.1 Equipment and reagents used…………………………………14
2.1.2 Reagents and chemicals…………………………………………14
2.1.3 Experimental Animals…………………………………………..15
2.1.4 Food materials…………………………………………………..15
2.2 Methods……………………………………………………………15
2.2.1 Preparation of samples……………………………………15
2.2.2 Experimental Design……………………………………...16
2.2.3 Blood sample collection…………………………………….16
2.2.3 Determination of serum potassium ion level…………………17
2.2.4 Determination of serum chloride level……………………….18
2.2.5 Determination of serum bicarbonate………………………..18
2.2.6 Determination of serum sodium ion (colorimetric method)….19
2.2.7 Determination of serum urea (colorimetric method)…………20
2.2.8 Determination of serum creatinine (colorimetric method)…...21
2.2.9 Estimation of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)…………….22
2.2.10 Estimation of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)……………23
2.2.11 Estimation of Alkaline phosphate (ALP)………………….....24
2.2.12 Estimation of Total Bilirubin…………………………………24
2.2.13 Estimation of glucose………………………………………...25
2.2.14 Determination of Testosterone……………………………….26
2.2.15 Determination of Luteinizing Hormone……………………...27
2.2.17Determination of Total Protein………………………………28
2.3 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS………………………………………..29
CHAPTER THREE- RESULTS
Haematological results of rats on Chrysophyllum albidum varieties………………….30
Lipid profile results of rats on Chrysophyllum albidum varieties……………………..32
Glucose level and Hormone results of rats on Chrysophyllum albidum varieties……..33
Liver function of rats on Chrysophyllum albidum varieties…………………………...34
Electrolytes and Kidney function of rats on Chrysophyllum albidum varieties…….....35
CHAPTER FOUR- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Discussion……………………………………………………………………….37
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………40
Recommendation………………………………………………………………..40
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………41
