DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A PALM FRUIT DIGESTER TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER ONE 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Manual Digester 1.3 Motorized Digester 1.4 Types of Motorized Digester CHAPTER TWO 2.1 Literature Review 2.2 Mutter Way Digester 2.3 Vertical Type 2.4 Horizontal Type 2.5.8 Specifications 2.6.1 Limitation of Space 2.6.2 Power Suppler 2.6 Material and Labour 2.7 Maintenance 2.8 Design Concepts and Analysis CHAPTER THREE 3.1 Material Selections 3.2 Design of Shaft 3.3 Location of Bearings 3.4 Bearing Lubrication 3.5 Bearing Housing 3.6 Electric Motor 3.7 Pulley Material CHAPTER FOUR 5.1 Design Calculations 5.2 Description of Component 5.3 Conclusion 5.4 Cost Analysis Bibliography LIST OF ILLUSTRATION 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Material Selection 4 Design Calculation LIST OF SYMBOLS SYMBOLS UNITS N – Factor of safety Kilogram M – Mass Kilogram Dia – Diameter Kilogram M – Bending Moment Meter T – Torque Meter V – Velocity Newton – seconds T – Time Seconds I – Moment of Inertial Kilogram (meter) G – Acceleration due to gravity Newton (meter) P – Pressure Kilogram F – Force Newton’s H – Height Meter Rpm - Revolution per minute R – Radius Meter V – Volume Meter We – Weight Newton’s D – Density Kilogram – Meters Pc – Critical Road Newton L – Length Meter W – Width Meter S – Bending Stress Newton Y – Torsional Stress Newton/Meter CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION The digester machine is used for the removal of mescals from the palm fruit. The processes used in the digestion vary according to fundamental technological developments, which affect the system of operation. The digestion of palm fruit is as old as mankind. The various level of social development change the phase of the digestion action. The relative humidity content of the palm fruit and other associated, physical sand chemical composition of the palm fruit affect the choice of processes for the digestion of palm fruit. The digester system within the African countries is usually done in pastel and mortar. The palm fruit is fed in a hermitical cross-sectional mortar and pounded with many reciprocatory up and down blows. This action tends to remove the monocarp from the palm fruit in marshy oil dropping from. This mashy – oil – dropping form now give why for pressing operation which will lead to the bringing out the palm oil. The digester system within the African countries can also bed done in a horizontal sump of about 6ft x 3ft with 8 3ft depth where the palm fruit will be poured when that is done a person will stand on the palm fruit right in the hole and be matching on it for a short period after which the monocarp will be removed from the Nut when it is pressed the oil will come out. In the fundamental technological development, engineering designs encouraged the construction of different – proto type of digester which aids in the production of more digestible mashy fruit. There are different types of digesters. They are classified into: 1. Manual digester 2. Motorized digester. 1.2 MANUAL DIGESTER Manual digesters are built with different shapes and patterns. These is a ways a handle which is used to turn the palm fruit in the barrel the shaft of the digester is designed and welded onto with flanges of barrel depending on the size of the barrel used the operation is efficient but very slow and involve a lot of human effort for high production. This method of operation can not go on for industrial use because of its low production rate. Above all human effort tends to dominate the whole operation manual digesters are mostly common in industrial African villages and communities where there is no rural electrification. 1.3 MOTORIZED DIGESTER Motorized digesters consist of a machine with a power driver pulley from the electric motor. The source of power transmission is belt from the driver (i.e) elector motor pulley to the driven digester pulley. The pulley is keyed to the shaft which is supported on two ball bearings located on each end of the shaft. The type of shaft used is the step shaft with the flanges welded unto the bigger correctional part of the shaft. The shaft assembly and flanges are enclosed in a barrel which is usually cylindrical, and the barrel internal surface is about 2cm – 5cm depending on the verities of palm fruit intended for digestion. 1.4 TYPES OF MOTORIZED DIGESTER Horizontal types of the motorized digester are classified depending on the axis of mounting of the barrel and shaft. The horizontal digester are designed with shaft and barrel parirel to the horizontal axis and will incorporate an electric motor that will generate power to the system that will enable the system to function accordingly the vertical digester are this type which the axis are built at right angle to the horizontal axis, the shaft and barrel are positioned in a vertical direction to work effectively. Most designers prefers this type of vertically mounted system because of it high efficiency and easy construction and even good out put in terms of digestion.
ABSTRACT Palm Oil processing yield a considerable quantity of palm kernel shell (PKS) and mesocarp fruit fiber (MFF). This has been predominantly used as fuel through direct combustion which is inefficient and polluting. Better grade fuel could be derived through torrefaction. The objectives of the work therefore was to determine the optimum... Continue Reading
ABSTRACT Palm Oil processing yields a considerable quantity of palm kernel shell (PKS) and mesocarp fruit fiber (MFF). This has been predominantly used as fuel through direct combustion which is inefficient and polluting. Better grade fuel could be derived through... Continue Reading
ABSTRACT Palm Oil processing yield a considerable quantity of palm kernel shell (PKS) and mesocarp fruit fiber (MFF). This has been predominantly used as fuel through direct combustion which is inefficient and polluting. Better grade fuel could be derived through torrefaction. The objectives of the work therefore was to determine the optimum... Continue Reading
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ABSTRACT In an attempt to reduce non-renewable material usage, reduce green-house substances and at the same time be relevant to our environment, this research presents the progress of investigation going on to evaluate some properties of EPO-FBA as partial replacement of cement in the production of structural concrete. This research work is... Continue Reading
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ABSTRACT This research centers on the design, development and testing of a motorizedjuiceextractor fabricated using locally-available materials. The machine is made essentially of two basic compartments: the chopping compartment and the juice extracting compartment. Other components include feeding hoppers, top cover, auger conveyor housed in a... Continue Reading
The introduction Methodology Materials needed Characteristics of bacillus that can produce amylase isolated from Palm kernel waste water in the production of local palm oil Characteristics of bacillus specie that have the potential to bioflocculate isolated from Palm kernel waste water in the production of local palm oil Aim and objectives of the... Continue Reading
The introduction Methodology Materials needed Characteristics of bacillus that can produce amylase isolated from Palm kernel waste water in the production of local palm oil Characteristics of bacillus specie that have the potential to bioflocculate isolated from Palm kernel waste water in the production of local palm oil Aim and objectives of... Continue Reading
ABSTRACT Man’s impact on global environment system especially in the area of dust extraction is now at a scale where it is disrupting. These dust extractors varies in major ways. The environmental degradation is, in turn contributing to health threat in this part of the globe. Unfortunately most factories, workshops which suppose to... Continue Reading