ABSTRACT
This study examined the Economic Analysis of Post-Harvest Losses of Arable Crops in Isin
Local Government Area of Kwara State. Multistage random sampling technique was used.
Stage one involved the random selection of six communities which includes Oponda, Alla,
Owu – Isin, Ijara – Isin, Edidi and Igbesi. Stage two involved the random selection of 20
respondents from each of the households of these communities making 120 respondents. The
study estimated the technical efficiency of Arable crop production, determined the factors
affecting technical efficiency of arable crop farming, estimated profit efficiency of arable crop
farming and examined the cost and returns structure of arable crop farming in the study area.
Data was collected using questionnaire and interview schedule and was analyzed using both
descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The study showed that majority (51.83%) of the
rural dwellers was within the age range of 50 – 60 years. Most of them are married, had
household size of 4–6 persons and attended up to secondary school education. The cost return
structure indicates that arable crop farming is a profitable business with gross margin (GM)
of N 511,689.00 and net farm income (NFI) of N 457,913.00. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) of
N4.24 implied that arable crop farming is a viable business and can be embarked upon by
upcoming arable crop farmers in the study area. A problem of heteroskedasticity was
suspected during analysis in the collected data. Breusch-Pagan/Cook-Weisberg test was
carried out to confirm the presence of Heteroskedasticity in the data and a robust regression
was carried out to solve the Problem of Heteroskedasticity. There existed a positively
significant relationship between poor transportation, poor processing, poor packaging, poor
storage and post-harvest losses of arable crops. Post-harvest loss is also significantly
influenced by t cost of production, farm size and gender in the community.it is therefore
recommended that Arable crop farmers in Isin L.G.A should limit post-harvest losses by
adopting proper transportation, processing, packaging and storage system so as to limit post- harvest losses and improve their profit margin, farmers should also plan carefully each
production season, in order to minimize undue (high) costs and farmers, should be provided
educating and enlightenment programmes on proper harvesting methods for different/
various crops
TABLE OF CONTENT
Declaration………………………………………………………………………………… iCertification………………………………………………………………………………... iiDedication…………………………………………………………………………………. iiiAcknowledgement………………………………………………………………………… ivAbstract……………………………………………………………………………...……. vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTIONBackground to the study………………………………………………………………... 1
1.2 Statement of the problem …………………………………………………………... 4
1.3 Objectives of the study……………………………………………………………… 6
1.3.1 Specific Objectives…………………………………………………………………. 6Hypotheses of the study…………………………………………………….…………... 7
Justification of the study………………………………………………………………... 7
Limitation of the study…………………………………………………………….......... 8
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 literature review…………………………………………………………………... 9
2.1 Conceptual framework……………………………………………………………. 9
2.1.0 Concept of Post-harvest ………………………………..……………………….... 9
2.1.1 Post-Harvest system………………………………………………………………. 9
2.1.2 Concept of Post-harvest Loss……….………………………………………….... 12
Causes of post-harvest losses…………………………………………………………….. 13
viiiSites and Extent of Post-harvest Losses………………………………………………….. 17Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………………………... 17
2.2.0 Bayes' Theorem…………………………………………………………………….. 172.2.1 Empirical Studies………………………………………………………………….... 18
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.3.1 The Study Area…………………………………………………………………. . 22
3.2 The Research Population………………………………………………………... 24
3.3 Sampling Size and Techniques…………………………………………………... 24
3.4 Data Collection Instrument……………………………………………………..... 24
3.5 Test of Validity and Research Instrument Reliability………………………….... 24
3.6 Data Collection Method……………………………………………………...….. 24
3.7 Method of Data analysis……………………………………………………….... 24
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.0 Results and Discussions………………………………………………………… 27
4.1 socio – Economic Characteristics of the Rural Dwellers……………………….. 27
4.1.1 Age……………………………………………………………………………… 27
4.1.2 Gender…………………………………………………………………………... 28
4.1.3 Religious Affiliation……………………………………………………………. 28
4.1.4 Ethnicity………………………………………………………………………… 28
4.1.5 Marital Status…………………………………………………………………… 29
4.1.6 Household size…………………………………………………………………. 29
4.1.7 Level of Education……………………………………………………………... 30
ix4.1.8 Farm size…………………………………………………………………….…. 30
4.1.9 Farming experience…………………………………………………………….. 31
Cost returns structure of Arable Crop farming in Isin Local Government..…......31
4.3 Multiple Regressions to Estimate for Post- harvest losses………………...….... 33
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Research Summary……………………………………………………………... 40
5.2 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………… 41
5.3 Recommendations……………………………………………………………… 42Reference……………………………………………………………………………….. 43Appendix……………………………………………………………………………….. 47
List of Tables………………………………………………………………………….... x
List of Figure………………………………………………………………………….... xv
LIST OF TABLES Page
Table 4.1.1 Distribution of Rural Dwellers by Age…………………………………… 27
Table 4.1.2 Distribution of Rural Dwellers by Gender……………………………….. 28
Table 4.1.3 Distribution of Rural Dwellers by Religion ……………………………... 28
Table 4.1.4 Distribution of Rural Dwellers by Ethnicity……………………………… 28
Table 4.1.5 Distribution of Rural Dwellers by Marital Status……………………...…. 29
Table 4.1.6 Distribution of Rural Dwellers by Household Size ………………............ 29
Table 4.1.7 Distribution of Rural Dwellers by Level of Education…………................ 30
Table 4.1.8 Distribution of Rural Dwellers by size of Farmland……………...………. 30#
Table 4.1.9 Distribution of Rural Dwellers by Farming experience............................... 31
Table 4.2.1 Cost-return structure of Arable Crop farming ………………….…............ 32
Table 4.3.1 D VIF Test for Multicollinearity…………………………………….......... 34
Table 4.3.2 Breusch-Pagan / Cook- Weisberg test for Heteroskedasticity…………….. 34
Table 4.3.3 Multiple Regression to estimates for Post- harvest losses………...………. 35
Table 4.3.4 Robust regression to solve the Problem of Heteroskedasticity…………… 36
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Map of Nigeria…………………………………………………………………. 22
Figure 2: Map of Kwara State……………………………………………………………. 23
