ABSTRACT
This research study the concentration of certain toxic metals in street dust along road construction site and relate the finding to the standard control measure to determine the extent to which environmental uncontrolled process can pollute the environment. This study therefore investigate the Physicochemical parameters of street dust and concentration of three toxic metals; Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu) and Cadmium (Cd) in Arakale – NEPA Road in Akure City of Ondo State. A total number of thirty-six (36) dust samples were collected from the study area and the sample were in two quadrants; Left and Right. Samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and standard analytical procedure were follow to ensure accuracy. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics. Results showed that street dust samples contained significant levels of the metals. The variation in concentration of most of the heavy metals determined decreased in the order Cu > Cd > Ni for both quadrants. ‘Research findings indicate significant environmental effect in the study area.’ Hence, there is need to prioritize action to minimize or combat the current impacts from street dust.
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
ABSTRACT
Chapter one
1.0 Introduction
1.1 DUST
1.2 JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH WORK
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH WORK
Chapter two
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Dust
2.2 Street Dust
2.3 Sources of Street Dust
2.3.1 Mechanical Breakdown
2.3.2 Dust dispersal
2.3.3 Dust indices
2.4 Hazards of Street Dust
2.4.1 Routes of Exposure
2.4.2 Health Effects on Human and Animals
2.4.2.1 Effects on Skin
2.4.2.2 Effects on Lung, Heart and Bloodstream
2.4.3 Effect on Plant and Ecology
2.5 method of monitoring street dust
2.5.1 dust deposition gauges
2.5.2 High volume samplers
2.5.3 Continuous particle monitors
2.6 Control of Street Dust
2.7 toxic metals in street dust
2.8 Sources of toxic metals in Street Dust
2.8.1 Vehicle emission
2.8.2 Industry activities
2.8.3 Building and Road construction
2.9 Types of toxic metals in street dust
2.9.1 Lead
2.9.2 Mercury
2.9.3 Cadmium
2.9.4 Zinc
2.9.5 Nickel
2.10 Physicochemical properties of Street Dust
2.10.1 Organic carbon
2.10.2 Soil pH
2.10.3 Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
Chapter three
3.0 Materials and methods
3.1 STUDY AREA
3.1.1 Sampling location
3.1.2 Sampling point
3.1.3 Sampling surface
3.2 SAMPLE COLLECTION
3.2.1 Street Dust Samples
3.2.2 Sampling procedure
3.3 SAMPLE TREATMENT AND PRESERVATION
3.4 PREPARATION OF SOLUTION
3.5 DETERMINATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETER
OF THE DUST SAMPLE
3.5.1 Determination of pH
3.5.2 Determination of Electrical conductivity
3.5.3 Determination of Chloride (Cl-)
3.5.4 Determination of Total organic carbon (T.O.C)
3.5.5 Determination of Nitrate (NO3-)
3.5.6 Determination of sulphate (SO42-)
3.6 DETERMINATION OF toxic metals IN THE
STREET DUST SAMPLES
3.6.1 Toxic metals extraction using 0.5M HNO3 extractant
3.6.2 Toxic metals extraction using 1M NaNO3 extractant
3.6.3 Analysis of the samples
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Results
4.2 DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATION
5.1 conclusion
5.2 recommendation
REFERENCE
APPENDICES
Appendix I: APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT
Appendix II: ANALYTICAL REAGENT
Appendix III: PREPARATION OF STANDARD PPM SOLUTION AND
CALCULATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETER
Appendix IV: PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETER AND toxic METALS CONCENTRATION
