DECLARATION ....................................................................................................... ii
APPROVAL ............................................................................................................. iii
DEDICATION .......................................................................................................... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................ v
NOTATIONS AND ACRONYMS ......................................................................... ix
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ........................................................................ x
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. xii
CHAPTER ONE ....................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1
1.0 General Introduction ............................................................................................. 1
Background to the Study ............................................................................................. 2
Problem Statement ...................................................................................................... 2
Objectives ................................................................................................................... 3
1.3.0 General Objective .............................................................................................. 3
1.3.1 Specific Objectives ............................................................................................ 3
1.4 Research Questions ............................................................................................... 4
1.4.0 Main Research Question .................................................................................... 4
1.4.1 Sub Questions .................................................................................................... 4
Significance of the Study ............................................................................................ 4
Scope of the Study ...................................................................................................... 5
Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 5
CHAPTER TWO ...................................................................................................... 6
LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................ 6
2.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Theoretical framework .......................................................................................... 6
2.2 Conceptual Framework ......................................................................................... 7
VI
2.3 Socio-economic Factors ........................................................................................ 7
2.4 Geographical Location of Schools ........................................................................ 8
2.5 Socio-cultnral Factors ........................................................................................... 9
2.6 School Factors ....................................................................................................... 9
2. 7 Political Factors .................................................................................................. 10
2.8 Intervention Measures ......................................................................................... 11
2.9 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................ 13
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .......................................................................... 13
3.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 13
3.1 Research Design .................................................................................................. 13
3.2 Location ofthe Study ........................................................................................ 13
3.3 Target Population ................................................................................................ 14
3.4 Sampling Techniques and Sample Size .............................................................. 14
3 .5 Research Instrwnents .......................................................................................... 15
3.6 Validity and Reliability ofinstruments .......................................................... 15
3.6.1 Validity ............................................................................................................ 15
3.6.2 Reliability ......................................................................................................... 16
3. 7 Data Collection Procedures ................................................................................. 17
3.8 Data Analysis Plan .............................................................................................. 17
3.9 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 17
CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................................... 18
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS .................................................. 18
4.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 18
4.1 Socio-economic factors ..................................................................................... 18
4.3 Geographical location of a school.. ..................................................................... 22
4.4 Policy and socio-cultural issues .......................................................................... 23
vii
4.5 School factors ...................................................................................................... 24
4.6 Intervention measures ......................................................................................... 27
4. 7 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 27
CHAPTER FIVE .................................................................................................... 29
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................... 29
5.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 29
5.! Summary ............................................................................................................. 29
5.2 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 30
5.3 Recommendations ............................................................................................... 31
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 32
APPENDIX (I) Introduction Letter ...................................................................... 35
APPENDIX (IT) Student's Questionnaire ............................................................. 36
APPENDIX (III) Headteacher's Questionnaire ................................................... 38
APPENDIX (IV): Time Frame and Budget... ....................................................... 39
