EVALUATION OF PRODUCTION PROCESS AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION
(A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES, ENUGU)
ABSTRACT
This research work aims at critically evaluating the process of production and the extent to which the installed capacity of Nigeria Breweries utilized.  The study traced the historical development of the company, its range of production and the extent which its capacity is utilized.
        In collecting data for the research, two sources of data collection were used.  They are primary and secondary data sources.  The primary data were gotten through personal interview and observation, while secondary data were collected from Nigeria Breweries Plc Enugu and other relevant materials and information centres.
        From the analysis of the data collected, the following findings were made.
1.           There is problem with the acquisition of the spare pars because of the prohibitive price of foreign exchange.
2.           Poor Maintenance of frequent machine breakdown, statistics are not kept on the performance of machine.
3.           Inadequate raw material which is one of the factors of the full utilization of the installed capacity.
4.           Power failure breakdown on the installed capacity, their installation of 15mega watts electric generating plants as a safeguard against intermittent power supply from Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) the company still suffers from Power Supply problem.
Based on the above findings the following recommendation were offered after analyzing.  
1.           The rate of breakdown of machines will prevent the purchase of out model, recommendation of periodic maintenance of machine should be adopted to reduce incidence of breakdown.
2.           There is high cost of certain items like bear which makes the consumptions low. It was recommended that the company should be doing a objective pricing of its goods that it does not price itself out of the market.
3.           There is not enough training and development of staffs for proper handling of the facilities of production industries it was recommended that enough training and development of staff should be provided by the company. It will enable them to shift emphasis on keeping track of manufacturing line cost of facilities of production.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER   ONE                                                 
1.1    Background of the Study                              
1.2    Statement of the problems                   
1.3    Objectives of the Study                                        
1.4    Scope of the study                                              
1.5    Research questions                                              
1.5    significance of the Study                               
1.6    Limitation of the study                          
1.7    Definition of Terms                                      
CHAPTER   TWO
2.0    Review Of Related Literature                 
2.1    Definition and Concepts                        
2.2    Production Planning and Control     
2.3    Activities Involved in Production planning
2.4    Process Planning and Design                 
2.5    Capacity Utilization                                      
2.6    Material Handling                 
2.7    Peak Versus Normal Lead Capacity        
CHAPTER   THREE
3.0    Research Design and Methodology         
3.1    Research Design                                  
3.2    Area of Study                                     
3.3    Population of the study                                 
3.4    Sample Determination                          
3.5    Instrument for Data Collection                       
3.6    Validation of the Instrument                  
3.7    Reliability of the Instrument                  
3.8    Method of Data Collection                     
3.9    Method of Data Analysis                                       
3.10  Questionnaire Distribution and Retrieval
CHAPTER   FOUR
4.0   Data Presentation and  Analysis      
4.1    Presentations and Analysis                            
4.2    Summary of Results                                     
References  
CHAPTER   FIVE
5.0    Discussion, Recommendation and Conclusion   
5.1    Discussion of Result Findings                  
5.2    Conclusion                                                  
5.3    Recommendations                               
Bibliography
Appendix
Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
1.0       INTRODUCTION
1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Production management refers to those activities that involve planning, organizing, directing, integration, controlling, and evaluation of the entire process of manufacturing goods or providing services at the right cost and in its right time, quantity, quality and place.  Production management is about in the way organization produces goods and services. For instance, everything you eat sit on, read and knock about on the sport field comes to you, courtesy of the production managers who organized its production.  Every book you borrow from the library, every treatment you receive at the hospital, every service you expect in the shops and every lecture you attend at school, all have been produced. Production is all evolving.  Which the people who supervised their production may not always be called production manager, but that is what they really are (production manager but that is what they really are) production management is concerned with the organization of the use of equipment and their resources.  Production management is utilization of the highest production resource at the least cost.
        E. U. L. Imaga said that the performance of the managerial activities entailed in selecting. Designing, operating, controlling and updating productive systematically defined production management that it should be pointed out that production first like any other field of study has many definitions as there are participate in the field.
        Mayer (1982), defined production with references to goods as the fabrication of a physical object through the use of labour, material and equipment whereas with reference to service, production is the discharge of the function, which is utility. In either case something is being produced which did not exist earlier from the above explanation, production is the transformation of resources into finished goods and services. He also pointed out that any organization which transforms inputs is engaged in production.  
        Buffa E. S. (1973) said that production is process by which goods and services are created. He also stated further that production process are found in factories, offices and hospitals.  The primary aims of the production management is to optimized the production system, the consequent result of optimization is production efficiency.
        The dictionary of business management defined production as any activity that adds value to goods and services including transportation and warehousing until it is used. Utility is the ultimate satisfaction derived from the consumption of a particular goods and services.
        Devck Labley (1974) said that the process of converting raw or base material originally extracted from the earth, sea or atmosphere into form which yield utility or satisfaction to consumer at a time and place convenience to the consumer.  The emphasis is still on the ultimate satisfaction of the consumer which is what production is to bring about this transformation. In some circumstance it is appropriate to produce goods by employed labour to the other factors of production.
        Production capacity according to Jerry Rosenbery is the available equipment, the maximum quantity at unit that can be made on stated period the full capacity of production is predetermined and install before the commencement of production process, adequate planning and forecast is made to that effects.
        The Dryder Press (1990), said that capacity widely understood by many people can be seen as a ability of a unit to produce that which consumer require and clearly there must be some match between needs characterized by market forecast and ability characterized capacity. In this regard capacity can be by differentiated into three level and they are as follows:
i.             potential capacity
ii.            Immediate capacity
iii.          Effective capacity
Potential capacity is that capacity which can be made available with current budget period.
        Immediate capacity is that capacity which is used within the current budget period.
        Therefore, production management modifies production policies and some times aids the production engineer to modify design as well since production engineering is more concern with the design of physical equipment.
1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM   
Productivity in a country as Nigeria as a matter of fact is low and as such as describe as a developing economy. In countries where productivity is high we say such countries have developed economy.  In view of this, this research set to examine the following problem:
i.             What are the problems encountered when putting the raw materials used in the production process in Nigeria Breweries plc.
ii.            What are the problems of inventory management in Nigeria Breweries and what are the problems of inventory management policies of the company?
iii.          What are the problems encountered in the utilization of the installed capacity in the Nigeria Breweries Plc?
iv.          What are the problems in production process in Nigeria Breweries plc?
1.3    PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
 The purpose of this research work area as follows:
i.     To determine the process of production of Nigeria Breweries.
ii.    To ascertain to what extent the install capacity of the Nigeria Breweries is utilized.
iii.  To find out how the Nigeria Breweries cope with the management of its inventories.
iv.  To ascertain how the raw materials used in the production process are sourced and substituted.
v.   To make recommendations.
1.4    SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The research intend to under study the production process and capacity utilization of the Nigeria Breweries Plc Enugu. The Nigeria Breweries is a very big company with network of branches in some part of the federation.  Carrying out a study in all the Nigeria Breweries as a whole will be very time consuming and cumbersome i.e it will entail traveling to some parts to obtain facts about the Nigeria Breweries. Hence the research tried to cover production process and capacity utilization in the Nigeria Breweries Plc., Enugu.
1.5    RESEARCH QUESTIONS
i.      How does Nigeria Breweries structure their product design to meet the demand of present and potential customer.
ii.      How does Nigeria Breweries handle certain factors that can hinder or affect the design of a product?
iii.     Since material handing are costly by nature how has Nigeria Breweries plc minimize the handle of materials?
iv.     In what way has Nigeria Breweries plan and design their production to reflect the operating strategy for the business.
v.     How does Nigeria Breweries estimate long range capacity production in relation to the industry capacity.
1.6       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of this study is to analyze and evaluate the process of production and capacity utilization in Nigeria Breweries as its seek to achieve a high degree of efficiency of product.  This study also analyze various resources needed in production process and factors affecting its growth, tends to attract in increasing interest of economist, industrialist and statisticians in research.  Prior to the attempt to analyze was the method by which efficiency or problem of its evaluation as mathematically concerned. It is important to give at least a brief but well concerned concept applicable to the topic under review.  There are many concept of efficiency. The term has practice significance not only in enormous but also in sociology, enology and other branches of sciences.  The context of its study in a particular area of study a research into production and capacity utilization (is necessary) is necessary because man’s existence on earth cannot be assured with production.  Effective utilization of resources leads to less wastage of resources and elimination of the facilities. The researcher considers it important to carry out an investigation on the process of production and capacity utilization because of its importance in an organization.
1.8    DEFINITION OF THE STUDY
Optimization: Is the process of achieving the best thinking
                        doing.
Capacity:   This is the ability of an organization to contain or hold the needs aid wants of its prospective customers.
Utilization:       This is the ability of a firm to make use of its available resources to produce good and services for the satisfaction of human needs and wants.
Productivity:     This is the rate of efficiency of work done, that is the output per unit of a factory production.
Installation:     This is the process of position new production in an organization with the aim of making profit.
Integrate: This is the act of combining different factors or parts to make a whole.