ABSTRACT
This research work physico-chemical quality of well water within Araromi Automobile Spare Parts market Agodi, Ibadan. The research work assess the physico-chemical characteristics of thewell water sample collected in the study area and also identify analyze and compare the heavy metal concentration with national and international standards. The procedure adopted included observation, and the water sample was collected from seven hand dug well within the study area using 750ml water container and instruments such as standardized Pocket Thermometer, HANNA HI 83141 pH meter, HANNA HI 9828 High Powered Microcomputer Conductivity Meter, WAGTECH 7100 Microprocessor Turbidity Meter, APHA 1998, AAS (Spectra 220) Atomic Absorption Spectrometer were used. The analysis of the result shown that the physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, Total Dissolved Solids, conductivity, turbidity, nitrate, chloride and heavy metals such as mercury, iron, arsenic do not exceed the WHO guideline value of drinking water using R.33, t test and ANOVA to present it accordingly. Meanwhile parameter such as pH, total suspended solids, Lead and Cobalt exceed the WHO guideline value of drinking water. Water quality analysis was recommended to be carried out on all hand-dug wells and be disinfected at least once in a year by the appropriate authorized bodies such as the NESREA. Other recommendations includes construction of drainage and sewer systems, provision of cover to all wells, Employment of environmental health scientist to be saddled the responsibility of routing monitoring of the water facilities, and provision of regulatory guidance and recommended pollution prevention opportunities to help mechanics to handle their waste in cost-effective and environmentally sound ways.
Table of contents
Title pageI
Approval PageII
DedicationIII
AcknowledgementIV
Table of contents V
List of Tables
List of figures
Abstract
Chapter One 1
1.0 Introduction1
1.1 Background to the study1
1.2 Statement of the problem3
1.3 Significance of the study4
1.4 Aim of the study4
1.5 Objectives of the study5
1.6 Purpose of study5
1.7 Scope and limitation5
1.8 Operational definition5
Chapter Two9
2.0 Literature review9
2.1 Sources of water9
2.1.1 Groundwater9
2.1.2 Surface water10
2.2 Water pollution11
2.3 Sources of water pollution12
2.3.1 Point sources12
2.3.2 Non-point sources13
2.4 Heavy metals13
2.4.1 Beneficial heavy metals 14
2.4.2 Toxic heavy metals 14
2.4.3 Factors affecting the mobility of heavy metals in the environment15
2.4.4 Effects of heavy metals in the environment 16
2.4.5 Soil heavy metal pollution 17
2.4.6 Heavy metals in groundwater 17
2.4.7 Natural sources of heavy metals in groundwater 18
2.4.8 Anthropogenic sources of heavy metals in groundwater 19
2.5. Heavy metals in drinking water and their impact on human health and the environment 20
2.5.1 Iron 20
2.5.2 Lead 21
2.5.3 Arsenic 24
2.5.4 Mercury 26
2.5.5 Cobalt 28
2.6 Physico-chemical parameters of water 29
2.6.1 Temperature 29
2.6.2 Ph 30
2.6.3 Turbidity 31
2.6.4 Conductivity 32
Chapter three 34
3.0 Methodology 34
3.1 Research design 34
3.2 Study area 34
3.3 Selection of sampling sites 35
3.3.1 Sampling 35
3.4 Materials and methods for data collection 35 35
3.4.1 Temperature determination 36
3.4.2 Measurement of ph 36
3.4.3 Measurement of electrical conductivity (ec) 37
3.4.4 Measurement of turbidity 37
3.4.5 Total coliform count 38
3.4.6 Determination of heavy metals (Hg, Fe, Pb, Ar, and Co) 39
3.4.6a Digestion of samples 39
3.6 Statistical analysis
Chapter Four
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Physico-chemical characteristics of well water samples
4.2 Heavy metals and concentration of the well water samples
4.3 Coliform and e-coli presence in the well water samples
4.4 Survey of sanitary conditions within the “araromi automobile spare parts market”
Chapter Five
5.0Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1Physico-Chemical Parameters
5.1.2Heavy Metal Levels In Water Sources At “Araromi Automobile Spare Part Market”
5.2Conclusion
5.3Recommendations
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 Summary of physicochemical parameters
Table 4.2 Showing summary of nitrate and chloride
Table 4.3 Showing iron (Fe) summary
Table 4.4 Showing lead (Pb) summary
Table 4.5 Showing cobalt (Co) summary
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 4.1: Showing physico-chemical characteristic of water across the samples.
Fig. 4.2: Showing ph value of water across the samples
Fig. 4.3: Showing temperature value of water across the samples
Fig. 4.4: Showing conductivity value of water across the samples
Fig. 4.5: Showing total dissolved solid value of water across the samples
Fig. 4.6: Showing total suspended solid value of water across the samples
Fig. 4.7: Showing turbidity value of water across the samples
Fig. 4.8: Showing presence of pollutant in the well water.
Fig. 4.9: Showing the concentration status of heavy metals
