MARKETING OF COMMUNICATION SERVICES
(A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA TELEVISION AUTHORITY CHANNEL 8 ENUGU)
ABSTRACT
            This research work is mainly on the marketing of communication services in our Nigerian television with special emphasis to Nigeria television authority Channel 8 Enugu.  The data needed for this study was collected from the employers/staff of the television house.  The objective is to find out how this channel will be able to reach it’s numerous customers with adequate and reliable information at their door post around and all over the world.  Also to determine the amount of satisfaction customers derive from the present state of communication services by the channel.
            The research methodology employed were  questionnaire and observations of how communications services are marketed to reach its numerous customers.  Also Desk research was employed and most of the vital information was collected from both primary and secondary sources of data collection.  However, the use of statistical models and chi-square was not used to test the hypothesis because the population used was not definite.  From the analysis of the data obtained it was discovered that Nigeria television Authority Channel 8 Enugu has a very vast area of coverage.  That the quality of their services is able to meet the needs and demands of this numerous customers.  With the observations made by the research, It was recommended that the Nigerian Television authority channel 8 Enugu should do the following.
(a)                Should maintain their high quality of services.
(b)               The Nigerian Television authority channel 8 Enugu should continue to be customer oriented by paying attention to customers complain if their is any.  So that they will be increased efficiency in their marketing of communication services.
PROPOSAL
1.         THE RESEARCH TOPIC
MARKETING OF COMMUNICATION SERVICES
(A CASE STUDY OF N.T.A ENUGU)
2.         OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
(a)                The purpose of this study is to take a critical look on how the Nigerian Television Authority channel 8, Enugu markets its station through effective programming and performance standard.
(b)               Analyse the influence of television advertising from the consumers point of view.
(c)                Suggest ways of improving sales advertisement spots so as to help generate revenue for the station.
(3)               Significance of the study
(a)                The significance of the study is the element of bias the researcher encounters when soliciting for responses from respondents for the fact.
(b)               The facts that constrained the researcher work requires more item for effective and efficient collection.
(4)               Sources of Data: is the primary and secondary data.
Primary data being the original data and secondary data being the already used ones.
(5)               Method of data collection/research instrument.  In order to collect relevant data from the respondent, the researcher used questionnaire and interview guide as his research instrument.
(6)               Method of data Analysis
After all the relevant data were collected, the researcher use tables, percentages and chi-square in testing the hypothesis.
(7)               Scope of study
The scope of the study is Nigeria Television authority channel 8, Enugu.
(8)               Plan for literature review.
The researcher here will conduct library research on text books, Journals, magazines and other publications related to the topic under study.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.1              Introduction                                       
1.2              Statement of the problem                                          
1.3              Objective of the study or statement              
1.4              Hypothesis                                                                 
1.5              Limitations and delimitation                                      
1.6              Definition of terms.                                       
CHAPTER TWO                             
2.1              Literature review                                                        
2.2              Television marketing                                                  
2.3              Problems of the television Industry Nigeria              
2.4              Problems encountered                                                
2.5              Characteristics of services                              
2.6              Marketing mix for services                                        
2.7              Improving service quality and productivity                           
2.8              Improving service productivity                                              
2.9              Branding of services                                      
2.10          Positioning of service                                                 
CHAPTER THREE
Methodology                                                             
3.1              Researcher design                                                      
3.2              Sources of data                                                                      
3.3              Population of study                           
3.4              Sample size determination                 
3.5              Sample techniques                                                     
3.6              Method of data collection                                         
3.7              Validation of research instrument                              
3.8              Questionnaire allowance and administration             
3.9              Method of data analysis                                            
3.10          Significance of study                         
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0       Analysis and presentation of data                 
CHAPTER FIVE                 
Conclusion                                                                             
5.1              Recommendations                             
5.2              Summary                                                        
Bibliography                                                  
Appendix I
Appendix II
CHAPTER ONE
1.1              INTRODUCTION
Consumption is basic to human existence.  The human nature is usually involved in an every day activity which stems from manufacturing, buying and consumption.  The consumer also must be aware at the existence at a product before thoughts of buying and testing the product will  ever come to his mind.
Therefore, the manufacture utilizes different options to eep the consumer aware of the existence at his products and to determine how such products can serve the purpose of the consumer.  Such options stem from the bill boards, radio, posters, souvenirs (eg. Can stickers, opener, table mat etc) testing market to  television.
It does not necessarily mean that the only use of the television is for advertising purposes.  Television is an electronic medium, through which information, entertainment and education are offered to the populace most of the time without cost.
On the other hand, television marketing is a service marketing contrary to marketing concept, has no profit motive.  Its priority is to identify way of solving the public entertainment and leisure problems and making sure that daily information concerning the people reach them first-hand without adulteration an delay.
The American marketing association (AMA) defines services as activities, benefits or satisfaction which are offered for sale or are provided in connection with the sales of goods.  The services described in the second half of the definition are those included in the sale of records to the customers.  Viz, pre-sale services.  This paper is primarily concentrating on the first part of the foresaid definition viz, activities benefits or satisfaction which are offered for sales.  The marketing of these kinds of services usually do not include the sale of the goods to customers such activities, benefits and satisfactions offered are intangible in nature i.e. they are not concrete objects which can be tested, felt, moved and so on.
When a customer buys a service in the service market, he buys the time knowledge, skill or resources of someone else who is the provider or supplier of the service.  The buyer receives satisfaction or benefit of the activities of the provider who may be an individual, a firm or a company or even and institution specializing in selling certain benefits or satisfaction.
Television marketing, could make us define marketing as the creation and delivery of customer satisfaction, service at a profit to the supplier or provider of the service.  The roles of customer satisfying services assumes unique importance in the customer- oriented marketing approach.  In the sale of service to customer, what is important is that customer be satisfied, that their needs and wants be fulfilled by the provider of services.
When you talk of television marketing in Nigeria, the profit motive include in the marketing concept could be ignored totally because both federal and state owned television stations in this country do not make profit compared with the counterparts overseas.  The equipment designed to help television houses and researchers to know the number of viewers a channel records everyday has since been in use in the united kingdom and America.  The number of television set owners are also known and each and every owner has a television license just as you have you vehicle license which is renewed annually.  Such things as television and radio license do not exist here in Nigeria and may not exist in the very near future.  This is why the television houses depend on the government  Federal or state depending on ownership for subventions to sustain ie. Otherwise.  It generates revenue from advertisements and sponsored programmes.
Television is the latest medium of mass communication and has begun to be extensively used for advertisement.  It uses audio – visual appeals to contact consumers of general utility products.  Like radio advertising, television advertising may take the form of short commercials as well as sponsored programmes combining entertainment with publicity.  This medium is now available in our country but the only price we pay is the cost of our television sets period.
1.2              STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The research problem is therefore centred on identifying the opportunities through which television houses could generate funds to sustain them and also enough funds to enable them and also enough funds to enable them serve the public more effectively.
Under customers –oriented marketing, selling the demand at the customer is the central marketing function.  It is guaranteed road to even profitability.  Profit is the by-product of consumer satisfaction.  The concept of service to customers and to society is based on ethical views of marketing practices services to customer is the master- key to both survival as well as profit.
It is also the intention of this researcher to identify the impact of television advertising or the consumers, how they react to it (whether negatively or positively)  and how much it influences their buying behaviour and buying decision, also the successes of television advertising through the advertiser/manufacturers point of view.  It should however be understood that this analysis is specifically restricted to the advertisement on Nigerian Television Authority channel 8, Enugu: Viewers in Enugu as on area in its channel 8) geographical coverage and the experiences at its commercial crew.
1.3              STATEMENT OF PURPOSE:
(1)               The purpose of this study is to take a critical look on ow the Nigerian television authority channel 8, Enugu markets its station through effective programming and performance standard
(2)               Highlight the effect (whether positive or negative) its programme content has on its number of viewship.
(3)               Highlight the loophole created by the poor performance of the station especially in carrying advertisements, and how their counterparts, the Nigerian television authority channel 8 take advantage of this.
(4)               Study the effect of the economic crunch on the station as regards the amount of subvention they get from the government annually and what efforts they are making to generate more revenue for the station.
(5)               Study the contribution of the commercial division to the running of the station and identify what inhibits their efforts.
(6)               Analyses the influence of television advertising from the consumers points of view.  This includes the moral influences and how the consumers respond to the advertisement due to ignorance on the part of the consumer or audiquity of the advertisement message.
(7)               Suggest ways of improving sales advertisement spots so as to help generate more revenue for the station.
(8)               Study the cause of high cost of advertisement spots on the television channel and how it effects the cost of the advertised product in the market and also how it affects the rate of response from the advertisers.
1.4              HYPOTHESIS
(i)                             Marketing of television services in Nigeria is not consumer oriented.
(ii)                           Bureaucracy in Nigerian Television authority has adverse effect on its marketing efforts.
(iii)                         Ownership structure of television stations inhibits effective marketing effort of executives
(iv)                         Television marketing in Nigeria is an untapped under utilized marketing tool.
1.5              DEFINITION FO TERMS
TELEVISION
            Television is an electronic medium through which message and entertainment are sent or directed to the public.  Television advertising is a very successful mass communication medium.   It combine the characteristics of salesmanship and advertising.  The appeal can be very personal.  Demonstration of the product and audio-visual appeal is easily possible making a very effective impact on viewers
            Television advertising on the other and is probably very effective, especially for consumer products.  Certainly it is yet the most sophisticated.  It is equally very expensive and this is quite understandable learning is most easily stimulated by appealing to most of the human senses.
            While other medium engage only on sense most effectively television engage two sense sigh and sound.  Emotional empathy to the commercial is also achieved more.  The better the equality of the commercial.  We should not forget the films on our youths.  Thereby we notice that even the financially down do aspire to live and consume like the super actors in commercials.
            Television offers great entertainment pleasure to the general public.  Football matches both life and recorded electioneering campaigns daily news of the country and the world over, all are brought to your listening and viewing pleasure.  In fact.  It offers the mot relaxing situation that is within reach of a good number of Nigerians.  I should say, that television is in vogue now in Nigeria.  In that homes that do not have access to a television set must be in the minority.
MARKETING
            The various definitions of marketing.  I tend to believe that marketing.  I tend to believe that marketing is the business function that identifies current unfulfilled needs and wants.  Defines and measures their magnitude, determines which target markets the organization can best serve, and decided san appropriate product, services and programmes to serve these markets.
            Thus marketing serves as the link between a society’s needs and its pattern of Industrial response.
            On the other hand in the words of the father of management, peter drucker, marketing is so basic that it cannot be considered as a separate functions.  It is the whole business seen from the point of view of its final result, that is, from the customers point of view”
            Sherleker defines marketing as “the function by which a marketer plans, promotes and delivers goods and services for customers and clients.”  He went further to say that “In the context of marketing of services, we can say that marketing is the creation and delivery of customer satisfying services at a profit to the supplier or provider of services.”
ADVERTISING
            Advertising is one of the four major tools companies use to direct persuasive communication to target buyers and the entire public.  Visual symbols and imagery are important because they can be easily remembered and associated with the brand.  The advertisement campaigns should go for high repetition with short duration message.  Television is more effective than print media because it is a low involvement medium that is suitable for passive learning.  The advertising planning should be based on classical conditioning theory where the buyer comes to identify a certain product by  symbol that is repeatedly attached to it.