THE CAUSES, EFFECT AND TREATMENT OF INFERTILITY AMONG MARRIED COUPLES: A CASE STUDY OF EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE  
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research work is to investigate the causes, effect and treatment of infertility among married couples in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. In this project, the researchers tried to identify the causes of infertility, its effects and how it can be treated among married couples in some Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. The methodology used was the questionnaire, which was administered on the respondent, the questionnaire was completed on the spot and collected and transferred into frequencies with the use of simple percentage. Some findings were found out by the researcher and conclusion made. In the end some recommendation was drawn out which include that; A complete medical history and physical examination of both partners is essential for women; cervical mucus, to detect ovulation temperature first thing in the  morning to check for ovulation (basal body temperature charting), for men: semen analysis, testicular biopsy (rarely done). Couples detected to be infertile should go for in fertility evaluation on time the community should contribute positively to the life of those couples who are infertile. Researcher therefore commends to the following areas for further study of a comprehensive analysis of the subject to matter under study, when infertility will be a thing of the past in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State.       
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE   
Introduction
Background of the study
Statement of the problem
Research questions
Significance of the study
Scope of the study
Limitation
Purpose of the study
Definitions of terms
CHAPTER TWO  
Review of related literature
CHAPTER THREE        
Research methodology
Research design
Population of the study
Sample and sampling techniques
Instrumentation
Validity of instrument
Reliability of instrument
Administration of instrument/data collection
Data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Analysis of data
CHAPTER FIVE  
Summary, conclusion and recommendations
Conclusion
Recommendations
REFERENCE       
QUESTIONNAIRE       
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
          The causes and effect of infertility are the major problems which most married are faced with in our environment.      A psychological rating of infertility couples released in (1985) showed that 50 percent of women and 15 percent of the men felt that their infertility was the most upsetting experience they had ever had, emotion stirred by childlessness is strong and deep.
        Hannah mother of the biblical prophet Samuel, remained infertile year after year until God remembered her and blessed her with Samuel (I Sam. 48) this particular story had a happy ending unfortunately not all infertile stories have the same happy end.
        However, new advances in the treatment of infertility have now made it possible for an increasing number of infertility couples to achieve pregnancy.
        This takes us to the present major brake through. In women particularly in Egor Local Government Area in Edo State.
        According to Eva Martin (2000) stated certain event must take place in a womans body for pregnancy to occur. Ovulation which is the release of an egg from the ovary the uniting of the egg and a man’s sperm and attachment of the embryo to the lining of the uterus.
        Infertility according to the web dictionary the Merck Manual 18th edition November 2005 can be defined as an inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse.
        Infertility according to Marck Manuals online medical library stated (Feb. 2003) infertility can be defined as inability of a couple to pregnancy after repeated intercourse without contraception for one year.
        According to Eve Martin 2000 pregnant after one year of regular unprotected intercourse (sex) while not using any birth control.
        According to American society for reproductive medicine Birmingham Alabama (2005) infertility is a disease defined by the failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of more unprotected intercourse.
        A couple is considered clinically infertile only if pregnancy has not occurred after at least 12 months of regular sexual activity without the use of contraceptives. At the teaching hospital university of Ibadan Nigeria gynecologist and senior lecturer Dr. Ayodele who is also a former FHI fellow says that clients are discouraged from seeking infertility service until they have failed to conceive for an entire 24 months. Infertility is discovered to be found in men and women. Quality treatment is a major tool for eradicating infertility, if it is properly administered.
        According to Hunault Ejikeman (2002) many factors infections, environment, genetic disorder, and dietary in origin can contribute to infertility. But this list includes factors that produce sub-fertility, which may not ultimately prevent conception or may subside, and important question then is which of these are the major causes of infertility that likely will not reverse without clinical intervention.
        Between 1979 and 1984, the WHO Taskforce on diagnosis working for infertility at 33 medic centers in 25 countries throughout the develop and developing world. This was the largest epidemiological study of its kind providing data on major causes of infertility.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
        This is the study that attempts a through examination in the causes effect and treatment of infertility which causes problems between married couples emotionally, cheating on each other, this can still; live happy even if infertility is their problem. The couple should seek help from a professional doctor (gynecology) that can give them solution to their problems.
1.4 PURPOSE OF STUDY
        The aim of this study is geared toward finding the causes effect and treatment of infertility among married couples.
        To help couples to be courageous and focus, to help such couples not to depend on man alone (doctors) but to also depend on God and have faith, to help couples to control their emotional feeling concerning their situation. To raise the hope of infertility couples, with right treatment or medical care and also trade medical. To help infertility couples to be able to cope with their daily living despite pressures from mother-in-law and sister-in-laws, family of both couples and neighbours.        
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
          The outcome of this study should be able to serve as a reading text to many who want to gain broader knowledge about the causes, effects treatment of infertility. The findings may lead other investigator to expand on the scope, findings out how the society treats infertile couples.
        In a nut shell this piece of work will offer useful suggestion to infertile couple’s counselors, medical personnel and finally to the society that in fertile couples need to be shown concern and not mockery, counseling and courage.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION
        For the purpose of this study research question were formulated
Improvement on reproductive e health care services will help reduce infertility and help in educating the society about infertility.
Ignorance on poor nutrition
Ignorance on sexually transmitted disease, if it is not treated on time can lead to infertility.
Environmental factors, women in the developing country experience infertility frustration in marriages than women in the developed countries.
The community and friends, neighbours and family members contributes to recent infertility among couples.
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY
        It is not an easy task to go round the nook and cranny of Egor Local Government in searching for information due to the fact that biological concepts are being modernized as a result of raising discoveries by research scientist or biologist.
        For one to get recent information there is the need to go online search via the internet, which is economically expensive and time consuming.
        To these end researcher has therefore resolved to study the causes, effect and treatment of infertility among couples in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. For the purpose of this research, attention will be focused on married, medical, medical personnel and tertiary institution.     
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Infertility: This is the inability for a couple to conceive after one year unprotected intercourse. The fault may be from one of the partner or both of them.
Ovulation: This is the release of mature egg from an ovary or it is the discharge of ovules from the ovary.
Embryo: This is the fertilized egg form during the fusion of male and female reproductive cell.
Uterus: This is the womb where the embryo is attached for further development.