NATURE OF KIDNAPPING AND ARMED BANDITRY IN NIGER DELTA REGION: IMPLICATION FOR NATIONAL SECURITY

ABSTRACT

The study is on the nature of kidnapping and armed banditry in the Niger Delta region: implication for national security. The study focused mainly on the period 2009-2018 being the period there was prevalence of kidnapping and armed banditry in the Niger Delta region and these threatens the national security. It analysed and adopted the Queer Ladder Theory as a framework for the study.

The data for this study were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data were gathered through questionnaire and interview while the secondary data were gotten from both published and unpublished materials. The data were presented in tables while the results were express as percentages and approximated to the nearest whole numbers.

The study established that environmental concern poverty and unemployment are issues associated with kidnapping and armed banditry in the Niger Delta for national security. Kidnapping and armed banditry in the Niger Delta region has negative implications on national security. This includes economic implication, impact on industrialization and social implication. The challenges of kidnapping and armed banditry in the Niger Delta for national security environmental degradation, Increase rate of poverty and high rate of unemployment in the Niger Delta. In spite of these challenges, some prospects of mitigating kidnapping and armed banditry are still abounding for national security. These include Ogoni Cleanup and Establishment of Operation DELTA SAFE.

Based on its findings, the study recommended that the FGN should set up a committee saddled with the responsibility of drawing modalities for the implementation of ACHPR AND UNEP recommendation by the Fourth Quarter of 2019. The FGN should constitute a committee that comprise of relevant stakeholders that will come up with modalities on how to create enabling environment for adequate creation of wealth for the Niger Delta region by the Fourth Quarter of 2019.The FGN should set up a committee that will come up with attainable and sustainable measures of improving job creation and taking clue from the failure of past efforts by the Fourth Quarter of 2019.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ContentsPage No

Title Page……………………………………………………………….……..…….i

Restrictive Publication ……………………………………………….............…….ii

Certification ……………………………………………………..............................iii

Dedication……………………………………………………………....…….…….iv

Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………............v

Abstract………………………………………………………………......................vi

Table of Contents …………………………………………………………….…….vii-x

List of Tables………………………………………………………………….…….xi

List of Figure………………………………………………………………………..xii

List of Annex……………………………………………………..…………………xiii

List of Abbreviations…………………………………………………...…….…….xiv

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background………………………………………………………………….............1

Statement of the Problem …………………………………………….......................3

Objective of the Study ………………………………………………………...........4

Significance of the Study ……………………………………………...……………5

Scope of the Study …………….……………………………………………............5

Limitations of the Study…………………………………………………………….6

Notes………………………………………………………………….......................7

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Conceptual of Discourse……………………………………..........………………..8

Concept Kidnapping and Armed Banditry……….…..……………………………..8

Concept of National Security………………………………………………………10

Relationship Between Kidnapping and Armed Banditry and National Security.......11

Review of Existing Literature…………………………………………………….....12

Theoretical Frame Work…………………………………………………………......15

Notes…………………………………………………………………………...….....17

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design …………………………………………………..………………..19

Area of Study………………………………………………………………………..19

Sample and Sampling Technique…………………………………...…………........20

Instrument of Data Collection……………………………………………................20

Validations of Instruments………………………………………………………….21

Reliability of Instrument…………………………………………………………….21

Method of Data Collection and Data Analysis.…………………………………….22

Note…………………………………………………………………………………24

CHAPTER 4

ASSESSMENT OF THE NATURE OF KIDNAPPING AND ARMED BANDITRY IN NIGER DELTA REGION: IMPLICATION FOR NATIONAL SECURITY

Overview of Kidnapping and Armed Banditry in the Niger Delta …………............25

Data Presentation …………………………………………………………………....27

Issues Associated With Kidnapping and Armed Banditry in The Niger Delta for

National Security.........................................................................................................27

Environmental Concern…………….…...............................……..........…………...28

Poverty…………………………………………………………………………….29

Unemployment……………………………………………………………………..32

Implications Of Kidnapping And Armed Banditry In The Niger Delta For National Security.....................................................................................................................34

Economic Implication……………………………………………………………….34

Impact on Industrialization………………………………………………………….35

Social Implication………………………………………………………………….36

 Summary of Findings……………………………………………………………...36

Challenges of Kidnapping and Armed Banditry In The Niger Delta For National Security......................................................................................................................37

Environmental Degradation…………………………………………………………37

Increase Rate of Poverty ……………………………………………………………40

High Rate of Unemployment in the Niger Delta ………………………………..42

Prospects of Mitigating Kidnapping and Armed Banditry in the Niger Delta on

National Security …………………………………………………………….….….44

Clean-Up of Ogoni Land…………………..………..………..…………………...44

Operation Delta Safe………………………………………………………………45

Ways to Mitigating the Challenge Kidnapping and Armed Banditry in the Niger Delta

on National Security..........................................................................................................46

Management of Environmental Degradation…………………….………………….47

Reduction in Poverty Rate in the Niger Delta……………………………………..48

Employment Creation ……………..……………………………………………..49

Note………………………………………………………………………………….51

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusion..…………………………………………………………………...…….54

Recommendations ……………………………………………………............…….57

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books……………………………………………………………………………….58

Periodicals/Journals……………………………………………………….......…….58

Official Publications…………………………………………………..............…….59

Unpublished Materials………………………………………………………..…….60

Internet………………………………………………………………………..…….61

Newspaper…………………………………………………………………………61

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1: Responses to if Environmental concerns is an issue for  Kidnapping and Armed Banditry in the Niger Delta for National Security

Table 4.2::: Responses to if Poverty is an issue for Kidnapping and Armed Banditry in the Niger Delta for National Security

Table 4.3: Responses to if Unemployment is an issue for  Kidnapping and Armed Banditry in the Niger Delta for National Security

Table 4.4: Responses to if Environmental Degradation is a challenge for  Kidnapping and Armed Banditry in the Niger Delta for National Security

Table 4.5: Responses to if Increase Rate of Poverty is a challenge for  Kidnapping and Armed Banditry in the Niger Delta for National Security

Table 4.6: Responses to if High Rate of Unemployment is a challenge for  Kidnapping and Armed Banditry in the Niger Delta for National Security 

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4. 1: Responses to if Environmental concerns is an issue for  Kidnapping and Armed Banditry in the Niger Delta for National Security

Figure 4.2:Responses to if Poverty is an issue for  Kidnapping and Armed Banditry in the Niger Delta for National Security

Figure 4.3: Responses to if Unemployment is an issue for  Kidnapping and Armed Banditry in the Niger Delta for National Security

Figure 4.4: Responses to if Environmental Degradation is a challenge issue for Kidnapping and Armed Banditry in the Niger Delta for National Security

Figure 4.5:Responses to if Increase Rate of Poverty is a challenge issue for  Kidnapping and Armed Banditry in the Niger Delta for National Security

Figure 4.6: Responses to if High Rate of Unemployment  is a challenge issue for  Kidnapping and Armed Banditry in the Niger Delta for National Security

ANNEX A

RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE

Section A:Introduction

Section B:Personal Information (Bio Data)

Section C: Main Research Questions

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AbbreviationMeaning

ACHPRsAfrican Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights

AHQArmy Headquarters

DHQDefence Headquarters

FGNFederal Government of Nigeria

HQNAFHeadquarters Nigerian Air Force

HYPREPHydrocarbon Pollution Restoration Project

MODMinistry of Defence

NDDCNiger Delta Development Commission

NHQNaval Headquarters

NOSDANational Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency

QLTQueer Ladder Theory

SMEsSmall and Medium Enterprises