THE EFFECT OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF IMT, ENUGU )
ABSTRACT
The main aim of the research is bordered on “The Effect of Policy Implementation on the performance of Public service Organization in Nigeria: A case study of IMT, Enugu . The literatures reviewed that policy making and implementation seem to be the most important phase in organization. Policy implementation gap, lack of policy implementation and evaluation etc were seen as challenges to implementation in the public service organization. Both primary and secondary sources of data collections were used and the population of the research study was determined through the use of chi-square formular, and the data were analyzed via the use of simple percentage and table. The study revealed that policy implementation is a vital tool for development at public service organization; the study further revealed that policy at the public service organization are either not implemented or implemented haphazardly. The research discovered that, there is need for policy implementation in IMT,  Enugu and policy implementation helps in achieving the organizational goals of IMT,  Enugu. Based on the findings, the research recommended that that IMT, Enugu programme have influence on the pubic. The rates of IMT,  Enugu programme influence on the public were discovered to be moderate. And IMT, Enugu should gather enough data/information before implementing any policy in order to achieve its purpose.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION                       
1.1    Background of the Study               
1.2    Statement of the Problem               
1.3    Objectives of the Study                  
1.4    Research Questions                       
1.5    Significance of the Study                   
1.6    Scope of the Study                         
1.7    Definition of Terms                     
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW                          
2.1    The Structure of the IMT, Enugu               
2.2    An Overview of Policy Implementation         
2.3    Why Policy Implementation Matters           
2.4    The Relationship: Design and Policy
Implementation                     
2.5    Challenges and Pitfalls of Policy Implementation   
2.6    Barriers to Effective Police Evaluation           
2.7    Reasons for Policy Change                   
2.8    Why Policy Termination is Rare          
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY                  
3.1    Sources of Data                         
3.2    Area of the Study                       
3.3    Population of Study                         
3.4    Determination of Sample Size               
3.5    Sampling Techniques                     
3.6    Research Instrument Used              
3.7    Method of Data Treatment              
3.8    Questionnaire Administration               
3.9    Limitations of the Study                     
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS          
4.1    Data Presentation and Analysis              
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS,
AND CONCLUSION                             
5.1    Summary of Findings                 
5.2    Recommendations                           
5.3    Conclusion                            
Bibliography                      
Appendix                                  

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
According to Nwafor J.C. (2008) Policy implementation encompasses those actions by public or (groups) that are directed at the achievement of objectives set forth in prior policy decisions. Thus, it is the stage in the policy process where policy action occurs to address a recognized policy problem. At this stage, the design of a policy proposal is put into effect.
According to Theodoulou and Kofins (2004:160) once the government has legitimized some form of public policy such as a low statute, edict rule, or regulation, the stipulation of that policy must be put into action, administered and enforced to bring about the desired change sought by the policy-maker. This desk defaults to the government executive necessitates the designation of a government agency as having the responsibility for the new policy. Most developing countries that are practicing federalism do not really practice it as supposed to be, rather what they refer to as federal state is synonymous to unitary system of government.  A good example of such country is Nigeria which seems to be having mixture or varieties of decentralization practices of mixtures or varieties of decentralization practices of administration evolving in various countries based on some factors such as social, religious, economical, cultural, political influence amongst others.  Nigeria as a federal state has been facing challenges of managing her resources due to the fact that each state in the country is having different styles of governance in implementing various aspect of actions, information and programs.  This is so because each state and local government claiming autonomy based on the local government policy of 1976 as contained in the 1999 constitution.  
Consequently, today there is no standard formats or generally accepted guidelines towards definitions of government public policy.  Some defined public policy as simply actions of the government while others put it as stated a principle which guides the actions of government.
Public policy is an attempt by government to address a public issue by instituting laws, regulations decisions, or actions that is pertinent to the problem at hand.  Numerous issues can be addressed by public policy including social ones such as schools, economic such as industries, cultural such as arts, political such as appointment etc.
However, in respect of these definitions, public policy is the process of formulating and implementation of government development policies or activities and programs for the benefits of the citizenry.
This means policy formulation is a decision making process as put down by a political scientist (Eastern 1957). He interpreted political dynamics in terms of a continuous process, a system of interaction. To him, a political system is an inter-related set of activities, roles, and institutions that operates within an environment which provides inputs to the political system and then translates these inputs into policy outputs.  Government policy makers decides what should be done in order to respond to the peoples’ demand for economic, social, political and development progress of the nation.  These policies are therefore critical key in the management of government affairs as  no good policy comes from the government without being criticized by either individuals or group inspite of the fact that government always weigh the merits and demerits of any policy before getting them implemented.
Therefore, for a policy to be accepted by people, it must undergo series of policy formulation process and recruiting. In certain situation policies formulated are even tested before implementation so as to see the reaction of the public on the policy(s). Policy formulation is followed by policy demand, policy decision and policy statement. While policy statement is a government formal guideline that provides specific policy roles for its people.
According to Egonmwan (1991) a policy statement is the formal expression as articulations of public policy which includes legislation statues, decrees, presidential orders, administrative rules and regulations and court opinions.  It could also be statements and speeches made by public officials indicating the intentions and goals to realize them. One should note that policy statements are sometimes ambiguous and conflicting.
However, when a policy statement is issued by government it means that such policy had already been formulated. To this end, policy formulation is the cardinal principle upon which government implements its development projects.  Whenever, a policy had already been formulated and implemented, the implementation of the policy requires a feedback.  The feedback therefore serves as a checks and balance mechanisms to asses or evaluate as to whether the policy has been accepted by the people or not.  It could also be an indicator to how the policy has changed the lives of the people for the better or worse.  For in January 2016 , the ex-president Goodluck Jonathan announced the full withdrawal of petroleum subsidy.  The outcome of that policy was a mass protests by Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) and civil societies.  Therefore, the scope of government policies are enormous among which includes; education, policy, agricultural policy, health policy, defence policy, industrial policy, transport policy wage policy, business policy etc.
1.2    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
Despite the contribution of IMT, ENUGU  in providing basic information for socialization and so on, it is faced with a lot of challenges confronting the corporation which includes assets, integrity issues, crude oil and product theft, sub-commercial contracts, low capacity utilization of refineries, issues of subsidy management and inefficient business model.
Specially, the corporation lost N345.7billion to pipeline repairs and associated costs, crude oil and product theft/losses and unrealized subsidy claims in 2015 alone.
The corporation said in its January to August reports of guardian newspaper stated that an incessant pipeline breakage nationwide has led to massive leakage and huge accounting losses to IMT, ENUGU . It disclosed that pipeline repairs and other associated cost accounted for about N69.4billion in 2015 alone. It added that low capacity utilization of refineries was largely due to refinery asset integrity issues and lack of crude oil  due to vandalized pipelines.
IMT, ENUGU  added that unrealized subsidy claims about N231 billion alone.T    his was responsible for over 61 percent of the deficit recorded by the corporation. It stated that some of the corporation business units are not operating the most efficient business models that will position the company for profitability.
Consequently, IMT, ENUGU  is embarking on a change agenda termed the 20 fixes which identifies 20 critical issue that need to be addressed in order to reposition the corporation on the path of profitability.
The corporation disclosed that a total of N67.49 million barrels of crude oil and condensate was produced for the month of July 2015 translating to an average daily production of 2.177million barrels. It added a total of 445 million barrels was produced from January to July 2015 representing an average daily production of 2.099million barrels for the same period.  Production from Joint Ventures (Jvs) and same period and production sharing contracts (PSC) contributed about 31.5 percent and 42 percent respectively to the total production.
Dwelling on the gas production, the report said that a total amount of 225 billion standard cubic feet (BCF) of natural gas was product for the month of July 2015 translating to an average daily production of 8.233 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD).
It is therefore in the light of these developments that the researcher intends to evaluate the impact of policy implementation on the performance of public service organization in Nigeria.

1.3    OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The following objectives forms part of the study on: the effect of policy implementation on the performance of public service or organization in Nigeria.
1.    To determine the need for policy implementation on IMT, Enugu  
2.    To determine the influence of IMT, Enugu  programmes on the public.
3.    To examine the management of IMT, Enugu  in relation to the successful policy implementation.
4.    To examine the effect of policy implementation on the performance of organizational objectives.
1.4    RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Below were the following research questions;
1.    What is need for policy implementation on Nigeria national petroleum corporation Enugu?
2.    How far has IMT, Enugu  influence the public?
3.    How has the management of IMT, Enugu  succeed in it spolicy implementation?

1.5    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study will be of significance to the IMT, Enug ) on how to handle some of their challenges especially those that relate to policy implementation. Moreso, there are other benefits that IMT, Enugu  will benefit such as public perception on IMT, Enugu  service, how to motivate their staff, and means of achieving effective and efficient administration, etc.
The research will also benefit from the study as an coming administrator, hence the topic of discussion has to do with the researcher’s discipline. The researcher will gain more knowledge on policy implementation on the performance of public organizations.
Lastly, the study will be of benefit to forth coming researchers including on the effect of public.


1.6    SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study on the effect of policy implementation of public service organization in Nigeria will be based on IMT, Enugu  
1.7    LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
A study of this nature cannot be carried out without difficulties in the process, one major limitation the researcher encountered in this work is the scarcity of available data and material.  Other limitation of the study includes the following;
-    Cost: Inadequate fund may stunt this work beyond my taste; lack of fund may also affect, not only the period of the research but also its quality. To exalt everything about analyzing the subject matter and come out of legacy for the posterity one need to travel far and near.
-    Time: Time is as costly as money, it is even easier facing financial problems than time, and time lost is hardly regained. Financial markets do exist but time existed for time, with the school calender the period for the research work is too short.
-    Reluctant to Co-operate: The management of organization is too reluctant to disclose the required information and moreso, when it comes to disclosing affect the quality of facts given in the research, some do pith fact to suit the firm.
1.8    DEFINITION OF TERMS
-    Policy Implementation: Policy implementation represents the state where government executes an adopted policy as specified by the legislation or policy action.
-    Performance: Performance has to do with act of doing something which many be personally or collectively that aid up certain purpose.
-    Public Service: A public service is a service which is provided by government to people living within its jurisdiction, either directly (through the public service) or by financing private provision of services. The term is associated with a social consensus that certain services should be available to all, regardless of income.
-    Evaluation: This is the final stage having completed the implementation programme, the there should be an evaluation during which achievement are compared to goal.
-    Change: The world “change” often evokes feelings of apprehension in many. Change means something new. It means to move from one place to another.