IMPACT OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BENIN CITY, EDO STATE
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.1    Introduction    -    -    -    -    -    -    
1.2     Statement of the Problem    -    -    -    -    -
1.3    Objective of the Study    -    -    -    -    -
1.4    Research Question    -    -    -    -    -    
1.5    Significance of the Study    -    -    -    -    -
1.6    Justification of the Study     -    -    -    -    -
1.7    Scope of Study    -    -    -    -    -    
1.8    Definition of Terms    -    --    -    -
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1    Overview of Domestic Violence    -    -    -    -
2.2    Causes of Domestic Violence    -    -    -    -
2.3    Types of Domestic Violence     -    -    -    -    -
2.4    Effects of Domestic Violence on Women    -    -    -
2.5    Theoretical Framework    -    -    -    -    -    
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1     Study Design    -    -    -    -    -    -
3.2    Scope of the Study and Area of Study    -    -    -
3.3    Population of Study    -    -        -    -
3.4     Sample Size and Sampling Technique    -    -    
3.5     Instruments for Data Collection    -    -    -    -    
3.6    Method of Data Collection    -    -    -    -    
3.8    Method of Data Analysis    -    -    -    -    -
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1    Introduction    -    -    -    -    -    -    
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
    Summary    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    
    Conclusion        -    -    -    -    -    
    Recommendations    -    -    -    -    -    
References    -    -    -    -    -    -    
Appendix -        -    -    -    -    -
CHAPTER ONE
1.1    INTRODUCTION
The world has experience various form of discrimination and over time the vulnerable group in this victimization process are the women and children. One of the discrimination and abuse is violence. In recent years awareness of the problem of violence against women has broadened from being a ‘women’s issue’ and a feminist concern to being widely acknowledged as a human rights, public health, and a development problem (Jonikaite, 2006).
    Domestic violence is a global problem that affects women of all races, ages, economic statuses, and religions with statistics emphasizing the devastating effects of domestic violence on the lives of battered women. Domestic violence was once viewed as a private matter, but today domestic violence is seen as a public health issue with consequences for batterers that are enforced by the criminal justice system (Salazar, Baker, Price& Carlin. 2003).
    According to the United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violenceagainst Women (DEVAW), violence against women isany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life. (cited in United Nations Development Fund for Women [UNIFEM], n.d.)
Domestic violence can be defined as “a type of repeated pattern of behaviors an abusive intimate partner uses to gain power and control over another” (Brodwin & Siu, 2007) and as “repeated or frequent moderate acts of violence, sexual coercion through threats of violence or rape, any act of violence that causes injury no matter how infrequent” (Bograd & Mederos, 1999). The disaster caused by this act of violence is enormous as Grovert (2008) asserted that in 2001, domestic violence made up twenty percent of all non fatal violence against adult women - around 600,000 crimes. Matthews, (2004) opined that in 2000, about 1200 women were killed by an intimate partner. This number made up about 33 percent of female murder victims
In all these it shows that domestic violence is but a humane treatment on a particular gender, age or race. Studies reveal that In European countries, domestic violence is a major cause of death and disability for women ages 16 to 44 years and accounts for more deaths than cancer or traffic accidents (US department of Justice, 2010).
In 2005, a study carried out by World Health Organization (WHO, 2005) on women's health and domestic violence, observed that the rates of domestic violence incidents in 10 countries revealed that 72% of Ethiopian women experienced violence with an intimate partner, followed by women from Peru, Bangladesh, Tanzania, Thailand, Samoa, Brazil, Namibia, Serbia, and Japan. Women who experience domestic violence are more likely to experience health consequences, with 80% more likely to have a stroke, 70% more likely to have heart disease, 60% more likely to have asthma, and 70% more likely to drink heavily than women who have not experienced intimate partner abuse (Family Violence Prevention Fund, 2008).
    In addition, domestic violence is linked to a range of reproductive health issues, including but not limited to sexually transmitted disease and HIV transmission, miscarriages, and unsafe sexual behaviour (Davis, 2013). In support of this view a study conducted by Thomas, Joshi, Wittenberg, and McCloskey (2008) explored how domestic violence affects the health of women who are victims and included the battered woman’s description of how intimate partner violence affected their health. The study consisted of 40 women in eight focus groups, ranging in age from 18 to 64 years. The racial makeup was 79% African American, 8% White, 5% Latina, and 8% multiracial or ethnic. Of the 40 participants, 38 described experiencing physical or sexual abuse within the past year, and two participants described experiencing physical or sexual abuse in their lifetime.
The aftermath effect of this oppressive act and action has a psychological undertone on the women as stated earlier and in the Nigeria context where male dominance is highly recognized because of its cultural backing there are tendency that an unending foresight to this anomalies is not eminent (Obarisiagbon & Alenkhe, 2014). Women in Nigeria over the years could not be equated with their male counterpart as the act of marginalization, segregation and social participation is limited mostly to the opposite sex (Sadoh, Alenkhe & Agbontaen-Eghafona, 2013). And the aftermath impact has a diehard consequence on the health of the individual and other aspect of the individual social, emotional and mental state.
It is a general known fact that violence affects the lives of millions of women worldwide. UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund, Nigeria (1998) noted that any violence meted out to women has a direct effect on their health. Previous statistics shows that roughly 60 million women who should have been alive die as a result of a spectrum of violence of various kind. However, only about half of all incidents of intimate violence experienced by women are reported to the police (Wallace & Seymour, 1999). In the light of these the study examines the impact of domestic violence against women in Egor Local Government Area.
1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Every fourth Nigerian woman suffers domestic violence in her lifetime, claims report by a consultant psychiatrist, (Ejiofor, 2015). Ejiofor, (2015) told that the worst forms of domestic violence are rape and homicide, and that domestic violence is one of the major social issues in Nigeria. Battering and trafficking are other grave forms of abuse experienced by Nigerian girls and women. Battered women suffer physical and mental problems as a result of domestic violence. Ejiofor further added that 25 per cent of women in Nigeria have to go through ordeal of domestic violence. The worst forms of them are battering, trafficking, rape and homicide, report claims.
    According to 2013 global review of available data, 35 per cent of Women Worldwide has experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence. It is a great concern that in most underdeveloped countries in the world with special reference to Bangladesh, that Violence against Women are rated second in the world, with 47 percent of the women being assaulted by men (Mahmood, 2004).
The Nigeria law on domestic violence is clearly inadequate, particularly regarding violence against women e.g. wife beating (Nworah, 2009). Resent survey has shown that a higher percentage of violence against women happen among women of lower social status, that is the uneducated. Due to their level of exposure they accept whatever is meted out to them by their male partners and accept this gender based violence as a norm (Nworah, 2009).
However, there are dearth’s in statistics on the aftermath impact of domestic violence in Nigeria; hence the study seeks to examine the impact of domestic violence on women in Egor LGA of Edo state.
1.3    OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objective of the study is to examine the implication of domestic violence against women in Egor LGA. Other specific objectives include:
To determine the causes of violence against women in Egor LGA
To find out the socio-economic impact of violence against women in Egor LGA
To ascertain the socio-cultural impact of violence against women in Egor LGA
1.4    RESEARCH QUESTION
 What are the causes of violence against women in Egor LGA?
What are the socio-economic impact of violence against women in Egor LGA?
Is suspicion against the opposite sex is a psychosocial impact of violence against women in Egor LGA?
What are the socio-cultural impact of violence against women in Egor LGA
1.5    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study is of great importance to all, especially those that have the concern of family development at heart. The study will further increase our knowledge on the evil of domestic violence in the society and will show the ills of this menace to the society. It will be add to already existing literature on similar topics as it relates to violence against women and domestic violence in modern society. It will expose all to the causes and the impact of domestic violence in Egor LGA. Benin City. Finally, it will help welfare organization, NGOs and other relevant organizations to know how wide spread domestic violence is in the society.
1.6    JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
    This research is to find out again and gain. This research intend to find out fact about the causes and impact of domestic violence against women in Egor L.G.A. and to measure the degree of which the research work can affect the changes of people attitude towards violence against women to avoid reoccurrence  and further damages.
1.7    SCOPE OF STUDY
This study covers selected area in Aduwawa community; these are area with women of ages 20 to 50 years of age who are married. This is because married women who are under the coverage of cultural values and are married are more likely experience domestic violence.
 1.8    DEFINITION OF TERMS
Discrimination: Selective evil
Domestic: Homely
Force: Coarse
Gender: A particular sex especially the female
Physically: Real
Psychologically: Mental and emotional
Society: Area
Violence: Hostile, abuse
Women: Married female sex