ABSTRACT This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional value and the antibacterial activity of bitter kola, (Garcinia kola). The result of the proximate analysis shows that bitter kola contains 51.95% moisture, 5.55% Ash, 9.75% crude fibers, 4.65% crude fat, 7.35% crude protein and 20.85% carbohydrate. The anti-bacterial activity shows that bitter kola can inhibit the E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus with diameter zone of inhibition of 14mm and 16mm respectively. There was no inhibition against Salmonella species tested for. The result of this research shows that bitter kola, can be eaten as food, as well as serve a purpose in the production of drugs which can be used to treat infections caused by E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page i Certification ii Acknowledgement iii Dedication iv Table of content v Abstract vii Chapter One 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Background of the study 1 1.2 Statement of problems 4 1.3 Significance of study 7 1.4 Scope of the study 8 1.5 Objectives of study 8 Chapter Two 2.0 Literature review 9 2.1 History of bitter kola 9 2.2 Scientific classification of bitter kola 11 2.3 Medicinal uses/importance of bitter kola 11 2.4 Other uses of bitter kola 19 2.5 Physiological properties of bitter kola 21 2.6 Proximate analysis 24 2.7 Anti-microbial properties 24 Chapter Three 3.0 Materials and methods 25 3.1 Sample collection 25 3.2 Proximate analysis 25 3.3 Antibacterial Activity of the Bitter Kola Extract 32 Chapter Four 4.0 Results 34 4.1 Proximate analysis of the extracts 34 4.2 Antibacterial screening of the extracts 35 Chapter Five 5.0 Discussion 36 5.1 Conclusion 38 5.2 Recommendation 38 References 40
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF BITTER KOLA ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, E.COLI AND SALMONELLA SPP.
ABSTRACT This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional value and the antibacterial activity of bitter kola, (Garcinia kola). The result of the proximate analysis shows that bitter kola contains 51.95% moisture, 5.55% Ash, 9.75% crude fibers, 4.65% crude fat, 7.35% crude protein and 20.85% carbohydrate. The anti-bacterial activity shows... Continue Reading
ABSTRACT This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional value and the antibacterial activity of bitter kola, (Garcinia kola). The result of the proximate analysis shows that bitter kola contains 51.95% moisture, 5.55% Ash, 9.75% crude fibers, 4.65% crude fat, 7.35% crude protein and 20.85% carbohydrate. The anti-bacterial activity shows... Continue Reading
ABSTRACT The extraction of alkaloid from Gaxcina kola (bitter Kola), Kola acuminated (Oji Igbo) and Kola Vera (Oji Hausa) were carried out using 10% enthanoic acid and 10% ethanol to separate the alkaloid from the residue. The alkaloid was extracted using 5% ammonium hydroxide. From the sample results obtained on alkaloid for the sample 9.16% oji... Continue Reading
EXTRACTION OFALKALOIDS FROM THREE NIGERIAN PLANTS, KOLA ACCUMINATA (OJI IGBO), KOLA VERA (OJI HAUSA), AND GAXCINA KOLA (BITTER KOLA). TABLE OF CONTENT Certification - - - - - - - - - i Dedication - - - - - - ... Continue Reading
ABSTRACT The extraction of alkaloid from Gaxcina kola (bitter Kola), Kola acuminated (Oji Igbo) and Kola Vera (Oji Hausa) were carried out using 10% enthanoic acid and 10% ethanol to separate the alkaloid from the residue. The alkaloid was extracted using 5% ammonium hydroxide. From the sample results obtained on alkaloid for the sample 9.16%... Continue Reading
EXTRACTION OFALKALOIDS FROM THREE NIGERIAN PLANTS, KOLA ACCUMINATA (OJI IGBO), KOLA VERA (OJI HAUSA), AND GAXCINA KOLA (BITTER KOLA). TABLE OF CONTENT Certification - - - - - - - - - i Dedication - - - - - - ... Continue Reading
ABSTRACT Increased oxidative stress arising from the maternal hyperglycemic-induced disturbances in fetal metabolism has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of disturbed embryogenesis in diabetic pregnancies. Maternal diabetes in pregnancy and the associated hyperglycemia is also believed to expose the fetus to disturbed metabolic... Continue Reading